Fagus sylvatica

Fagus sylvatica is a large deciduous tree that occurs throughout Europe, with the exception of northern Fennoscandinavia and southwestern Europe. It is very shade-tolerant and able to form dense and dark canopies, reaching diameters of >100 cm. With its dense, homogeneous, cream-reddish wood Fagus sylvatica is one of the most diversely used tree species in Europe, with over 250 documented uses. It is used for flooring, furniture, musical instruments, plywood, panels, veneering and cooking utensils, amongst others. It is also used for paper and can be coppiced for fuelwood and charcoal production.
This very widely distributed and dominant tree species in much of Europe harbours a rich associated insect fauna, though decidedly less diverse than insects on oak. While beech shares many of its herbivores with other deciduous broadleaved trees, there are also multiple host specialists that clearly prefer the genus Fagus over other Fagaceae trees.
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