Quercus coccifera

Quercus coccifera is a shrub or small tree occuring around the Mediterranean basin, where it forms a typical component of Macchia shrublands. It is slow-growing and light-demanding. The wood is dense, yet of no commercial value because of the mainly shrubby growth form of Quercus coccifera.
The rather low nmber of insects recorded from kermes oaks is related to the tough leaf texture of that evergreen tree species which renders it less favourable to herbivores.
References: ^1,3