Quercus ilex

Quercus ilex is an evergreen shrub or medium-sized tree that is native to the Central and Western Mediterrenean basin. It is a dominant component of Macchia shrublands, but can reach sizeable dimensions (up to 200 cm in diameter) and is very long-lived. It is fairly shade-tolerant and regenerates well under canopy. The wood is light-brown, very dense, hard, and difficult to dry and carve and is mainly used for speciality items like tool handles. Other uses include firewood (coppice systems) and as fruit tree in agroforestry systems.
Holm oak is another evergreen Mediterranean species, which however has a substantial list of recorded herbivores. These mostly specialize on the young expanding foliage while mature leathery leaves are avoided. While some species, including leaf miners or seed borers, are quite host-specific, many other folivores are shared with other oak species.
References: ^1,2,3,6